PG Canine Retraction Spring

ANTERIOR AND CANINE RETRACTION: THE GJESSING UNIVERSAL RETRACTION SPRING* Part two

The retraction of upper incisors with the PG retraction system.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect on the dentoalveolar structures of the application of PG springs for retraction of upper incisors and to compare the outcome with the effect of a closed coil spring retraction system. Thirty-six subjects with Angle Class I or Class II malocclusions were selected for the study. Each subject had the two upper first premolars extracted and presented...

Open-Coil Retraction Spring

Sliding mechanic has become a popular method for space closure with developments in preadjusted edgewise appliance. Furthermore, various space closing auxiliaries have been developed and evaluated extensively for their clinical efficiency. Their effectiveness enhanced with optimum force magnitude and low-load deflection rate (LDR)/force decay. With the advent of NiTi springs in orthodontics, LD...

Rapid canine retraction

Introduction: Rapid canine retraction through distraction of the periodontal ligament is a tooth movement technique that allows space closure of first premolar extraction space within a period of two to three weeks while providing significant reduction in orthodontic treatment time. Objective: To propose changes in the original surgical technique and in the placement of distractors. Conclusions...

A numerical simulation of orthodontic tooth movement produced by a canine retraction spring.

Tooth movements produced by a canine retraction spring were calculated. Although a gable bend and an anti-rotational bend were incorporated into the spring, the canine tipped and rotated initially. Retraction force decreased and moment-to-force ratio increased after the spring legs closed. Then, the initial tipping and rotation began to be corrected. As a result, the canine moved almost bodily ...